Abstract Art – American Abstract Impressionism

The Blue Rider group was centered around the famous Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky, the Artist who has been accredited with the honourable title of the worlds First Abstract Artist. A short lived association, existing for just three years. Nevertheless, they were a highly influential group of Artists. The Blue Rider group dispersed in 1914, because of the eruption of the first world war. Two core members, Frans Marc and August Macke died in combat. Kandinsky and Alexander von Jawelensky returned to Russia. Despite this, their ideas continued to be developed in Europe, primarily through an influential Netherlander group known as ‘De Stijl’. Abstract Art had captured the imagination of Europe. In 1921 Kandinsky returned to Germany and began teaching at the famous Bauhaus a year later. In 1923, along with three members of the original group, Paul Klee, long time friend Jawelensky, and Lyonel Feininger, Kandinsky formed the Blue Four (Die Blaue Vier). In 1924 the group exhibited and held lectures in America. Abstract Art had become more well known in the United States after two major Abstract Art exhibitions. One of which was held in New York, in 1913, and another in San Francisco four years later. After which, many of Americas younger Artists began experimenting and embracing the concepts of Abstract Art. One of the most famous of which, was Georgia O�Keeffe. In Europe, despite two world wars, Abstract Art had become one of the West’s most profound attributes.

Kandinsky continued to work at the Bauhaus, and promote his theories of Abstract Art in America. The Nazis closed the Bauhaus, a Modern Art and Architecture school, in 1933. Kandinsky sought sanctuary in France, away from the despotic world of the Nazis, who regarded Abstract Art, to say the least, as incompetent. Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky died in France, in 1944. However, his legacy to Modern Art, most certainly did not. Around the same time, new developments, within Abstract Art, were taking place. Abstract Expressionism really became a ‘showcase’ for American Art. However, it also had a huge impact upon European, Modern Art.

American Abstract Expressionism made such a huge impact in the West, that it toppled Paris from it�s pedestal and made New York the new world Arts center. Nevertheless, the term itself had been previously used, many years before, in 1919, to describe German Expressionist Oil Paintings. In America, the term Abstract Expressionism, was first used by Alfred H. Bar Jnr, in 1929, to describe the Oil Paintings of Kandinsky. Alfred Bar was an Art Historian and the first ever director of New York�s ‘Museum of Modern Art’. A highly influential man, especially with regards to the responses and attitudes toward the acceptance of the Modern Art forms, developing at the time.

In 1946, New York writer and Art critic, Robert Myron Coates, applied the term to the Oil Paintings of Kooning, Pollock and Gorky. Coates spent much time in Europe, and was a highly experimental writer. Indeed, there were many similarities between theirs, and the work of Kandinsky. Including many of the other European Artists, who had produced Abstract Art, during the early nineteen hundreds, like Klee and Jawelensky. However, the early Abstract Art was primarily concerned with the spontaneity of the spiritual, the conscious, and the unconscious mind. American Abstract Expressionism was not spontaneous, these were usually large Oil Paintings, which involved careful planning and execution. They represented a much more calculated and considered response to the world, which investigated both our conscious and unconscious spiritual responses to it.

American Abstract Expressionism took the world of Art by storm in the early forties. After World War II America became a place stifled by censorship. Abstract Art was so, exactly that, Abstract, it became a ‘safe’ way for Artists to avoid that censorship. Abstract Expressionism was widely experimented with among Painters. However, it was not a development that was limited to the realms of Oil Painting. There were many influential sculptors who played an important role, with regards to the American Abstract Expressionism movement. Many of whom, including David Smith and Herbert Ferber, also exhibited their work in the groundbreaking and somewhat infamous, �Ninth Street Show� in 1951. American Abstract Expressionism flooded the Arts of America and Europe, right up until the fifties. This was when Abstract Art would experience yet another metamorphosis, with the arrival of Minimalism.

About the Author

Angela Dawson-Field is an avid writer for Arts My Passion’s oil painting gallery. She divides her time between writing and studying art movements including abstract art and Modern art. She is an accomplished painter and produces wonderful portrait oil paintings.

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